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遼源翻譯公司關鍵字：this way, investment英文論文翻譯費用多少錢 decisions will optimize the allocation of resources. Congestion pricing mechanism also calls for investment英文論文翻譯費用多少錢 in transmission facilities to benefit from the cost of transmission investment英文論文翻譯費用多少錢 by the business or customer commitmentCongestion is a particular case of supply and demand, transmission grid in different places will have power over grid power producers in these points can not make the system failure in case of power supply to meet all of the passed phenomenon. In the case of vertical integration, because the power Company翻譯論文公司最專業 prior to scheduling, congestion after the power supply will not happen. However, in non-vertically integrated market畢業論文翻譯成英語文章s, may be crowded in a very short time become very serious. [57] prior to anticipate and respond to regional price or node price mechanism could be relatively better handle congestion problems. [58] Jay-Z can be considered despite the non-vertically integrated competitive market畢業論文翻譯成英語文章 have been designed to deal with congestion mechanism, but such a mechanism is often overlooked due to problems of transaction costs, difficulties in application. He believes that congestion is divided vertically integrated and the result of increased transaction costs. A less than ideal to reduce congestion is to invest more than the usual run of the transmission system. [59] As the amount of advance construction of highways, as in the transition period of China's investment英文論文翻譯費用多少錢 in the transmission system is more than the amount absolutely necessary.Power system in different countries in different aspects of the introduction of competition mechanism. As mentioned earlier, the United Kingdom before the introduction of competition in the generation side. In contrast, New Zealand is the first to compete in the distribution side. Ontario Canada save both electricity generation and retail side of the side while the introduction of competition. And sale of electricity in the power generation side of the side while a major objective of introducing competition is to allow consumers instant access to electricity reform benefits. We believe that Ontario's approach is worthy of our study. China's introduction of competition in power generation side of the boot despite the lack of power does not enable consumers to use "cheap" electricity [60] reveals the same side of the introduction of competition in the sale of electricity to the consumer welfare effects due. In order to enable consumers to take full advantage of the introduction of competition mechanism of the benefits of electricity reform, the need to make the sale of electricity side of the competition, "operator" of the spot market畢業論文翻譯成英語文章 price delivered to end users. This power system reform is of crucial importance. If the benefits of competition in generation side can not be fully passed on to consumers, then one of the main power system goals can not be achieved. In this case, the transmission Company翻譯論文公司最專業 or distribution Company翻譯論文公司最專業 or inefficient extraction of the phenomenon will have a monopoly price. Only the spot market畢業論文翻譯成英語文章 price is passed to the end user, the consumer can exercise real choice in the retail stage. Introduction of competition in the retail side, consumers will have a great price fluctuations. Consumer choice in the case of full risk averse retailers enter into with a relatively fixed price contract. On the contrary, risk tolerance, and large retailers, consumers can choose to enter into a contract to pay spot market畢業論文翻譯成英語文章 prices. The sale of electricity in a competitive market畢業論文翻譯成英語文章, such a contract is easy to develop and implement. As retail competition, the sale of electricity providers to offer a variety of charges contractual arrangements. To make competition more effective, consumers must have the right to select and convert retailers. Another Ontario business experience is required distribution to the customer's request, bills sent to customers spot a competitive retailer. [61] retailers to pay a distribution fee based on price alone business information can be flexible according to customer requirements and pay the contract signing. Competition in a very flexible fee, consumers selectable from the original sale of electricity to commercial power purchase can also be converted to the new retailer or
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