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永州翻譯公司關鍵字：However, due to farmers on the land only has the right to use a certain period of operation, the cultivation of soil fertility has a positive externality, so farmers rationally choose to give or not to act. Even in the short-term interests of the induction, farmers could take measures to increase soil fertility plunder. ③ farmers in land use on short-term behavior mainly in two aspects: First, the abandoned land. Second, extensive use of fertilizers and to reduce the use of organic fertilizer. In February-March 2002, I organized a throughout Hubei, Hunan, Henan, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Jiangxi Province, farmers use fertilizers quick survey, 80% of rural households tend to use less and do not use organic fertilizer, and planting green manure ratio is zero. Although the use of organic fertilizers will help maintain and enhance long-term soil fertility, in line with the initial client's interests to pursue. However, the short term, the effect of organic fertilizer is not obvious, a slower return on investment. Although the results of long-term use of fertilizer, land compaction and soil fertility decline, but in the short-term interests of the stimulus, the farmers or the rational choice of opportunism.(B) the contract responsibility system under the principal-agent problem worse because:China's agricultural system in the principal-agent relationship between the historical changes in the agency during the cooperative system is a valid contractual arrangement. The success of cooperatives based on the following factors: a clear definition of property合理翻譯收費 rights provides the principal supervisory agent's motives; retirement community farmers the right to promote self-monitoring, reduced monitoring costs; limited and predictable range of cooperative agents to overcome the supervision and discipline people externalities. Contract responsibility system under the principal-agent problem of deterioration as well as in trouble, the key lies in the absence of the above conditions.First, agricultural land property合理翻譯收費 rights is the principal-agent relationship is not clear deterioration of the roots. Economics in the sense of property合理翻譯收費 rights, the protection of property合理翻譯收費 depends on the establishment of exclusive property合理翻譯收費 rights system, depends on the formation of clear property合理翻譯收費 rights. Maintenance of property合理翻譯收費 rights is costly, in the case of clear property合理翻譯收費 rights, rights costs can be realized in earnings; and if the property合理翻譯收費 is not clear, rights will inevitably lead to the spillover benefits, thereby reducing the public nature of the product with the supply of activism. In China's current "constitution" and "Land Management Law", the property合理翻譯收費 rights of agricultural land whether it is rural, villages or administrative villages, lack of clearly defined, the result is the emergence of the same land, "a multi-master right" phenomenon. In this case, the cost of the protector of individual
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