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西安翻譯公司關鍵字：Additional other business專業英語翻譯公司科技文件翻譯哪里最好. As for the self-financing, the approach did not provide details, but generally, the township government政府許可的定點正規翻譯公司 "in accordance with state policies and regulations imposed some."
Change the unified revenue and expenditure for the lump sum, apparently in order to stimulate the local government政府許可的定點正規翻譯公司 revenue. From another perspective, and indeed the country有資質的正規翻譯公司哪個好 where the financial burden of training and preparation. With the reform and opening up the social and economic專業翻譯公司服務最好的 development, in order to develop the local economy, education, transportation, culture, infrastructure, local officials in order to eat and drink, sightseeing tour, or even part of the township government政府許可的定點正規翻譯公司 to pay staff salaries [ 8], the demand for income is daily deepened with time. Already deposited into the difficult out of the central government政府許可的定點正規翻譯公司 can not continue "reunification" go, just yielded to the local government政府許可的定點正規翻譯公司 for themselves. So, with financial autonomy, but also justifiably impose "self-financing" of the natural power of local government政府許可的定點正規翻譯公司s should do everything possible to raise funds from a local. Developed in the enterprise where most of the financial burden often falls on the corporate body [9]. In the economic專業翻譯公司服務最好的ally backward, underdeveloped local township and village enterprises, local government政府許可的定點正規翻譯公司s are targeting from the farmers had had.As a source of extra-budgetary funds and limited, and subject to the higher financial supervision, self-financing income in the township has become an increasingly important part. Fiscal 1986, China's agriculture budget revenue was 44.2 billion yuan, 2.73 billion yuan township self-financing, to 1992, budget revenues of 89.6 billion yuan, up 14.18 billion yuan township is self-financing, far beyond the budget income [10]. North Village is located in the town, the town is self-financing of the budget and extrabudgetary funds, and 2 times, of which about three-quarters of the burden on peasants.
Thus, in the new financial system to the township government政府許可的定點正規翻譯公司 incentives to increase income and autonomy at the same time, but the lack of strict definition of self-financing of the township and control, coupled with the lack of democratic mechanisms to restrain the behavior of local government政府許可的定點正規翻譯公司s [11], in fact, left to the township government政府許可的定點正規翻譯公司 predatory space [12].
The role of village cadres, the conversionIn the period of collectivization in the country有資質的正規翻譯公司哪個好 and the farmers' fight for the harvest ", the brigade and production team cadres, cadres and their families, their income depends on where his brigade or production team in this battle to stay in the number of food down. The less paid to the state, village cadres and their family's income may be more. Between village cadres and farmers that the interests of consistency makes them more or less tried to bargain with the higher interests of the team to maintain [13]. Disintegration of people's communes in the autonomy given to farmers, but also led to the interests of farmers and village cadres, the differentiation between. Village cadres, their income and resources at their disposal that they can no longer depend on farmers (as a group) can be much left, but on their number collected from the farmers.
Of the village cadres, the levy from the farmers who are actually in two parts: the township of assigned tasks (including state tax revenue and paid part of county and city government政府許可的定點正規翻譯公司s) and retention money. Township government政府許可的定點正規翻譯公司 documents issued each year in the village should be turned over to the township to determine the amount and the amount of retention money, then the village according to the total amount payable by the household head or contracting the number of break down of land to each household. Close to the amount paid to ensure that the first part of the township, and the rest was dominated by the village cadres as retention money. The township government政府許可的定點正規翻譯公司 to ensure their share, usually three measures. First, the prize money to stimulate, provide that if the township paid on time to complete the task, the village cadres to give a certain amount of reward; Second, control wages. The wages of village cadres have been (or subsidies) by village retention spending, but many township party secretary and mayor of the wages provided by the township made, only the completion of the task turned over to the township party secretary and village head in order to get full wages ; Third, substitutions, if long-term can not complete the task assigned by the township, and village party secretary to replace. Clearly, the choice facing the village cadres are actually very simple: the more collected, not only means that the location, wages, bonuses and secure, and available resources at their disposal more; the contrary, if the missing money received, not only cadres could fewer disposable funds, and may even mean that the wages of village cadres and positions are a problem. In the villages I visited many villages and even towns by borrowing money to complete the tasks and wages to village cadres, [14].
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