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周口翻譯公司關鍵字：Summary: corruption scientific theory should be set up by the economic analysis. There are agents of public power - trust relationships to asymmetric information, provides "economic man" occurred "general corruption" potential; system defects in the system may lead to "institutional" a high incidence of corruption. The process of institutional transformation, the formation of a "power vacuum" is the corruption of the special features, which determines the fundamental design of the system is to establish the separation of powers-based power structures. "Rational economic man" is still the main features of the behavior of most people, to take various measures to increase the risk of corruption, cost and revenue integrity, design a better system; economic development system is able to bear higher costs of implementation. Who is also a complex person, with a non-rational elements, you can educate people "irrational" to no corruption, no "general corruption" as the "gentleman saint" to address the system design can not solve the problem.Key words: systemic corruption of the separation of powers system transition economies were the pyramid complex personality who educate
What is corruption? People have different definitions, but the layman's terms, corruption is "the use of public right of self-serving." Of course, public power, public benefits are of various sizes, large to the national public power, usually, people referring to the public rights associated with this corruption. Public power can also be small businesses or small organizations, generalized corruption should also include the public rights-related corruption. However, this definition there are still many problems, because in the use of public right, there may be a great success, job access to promotion, improved treatment, it is not seeking a self-interest can be seen as? It should be said there are also personal benefits, but it is allowed or advocated, is a normal society and its institutions should be encouraged to things. To this end, it might be corruption to "the illegal use of public power for personal gain." Here, corruption is the legal boundaries of the qualitative and the final say. If the illegal profits from the state to obtain from the taxpayer, it is corruption; get from others is bribery. If the interest is personal gain in this illegal personal corruption, organized units of the illegal gain is the collective interests of corruption, a government department or a regulatory policy gain through illegal profits, but a holistic corruption.
A brief review of the theory of corruptionCorruption scientific theory should be set up by the economic analysis. Becker (Bekcer, 1968) under the assumption of the first people in the economy will "corrupt" behavior as a balanced interpretation of economics made. This can be seen as a corruption of "economic man" theory. "Economic man" idea was first proposed by Smith elaborated: "The continuing efforts of individuals can dominate the capital of his own to find the most beneficial uses. Of course, he is not taken into account the interests of society, but his own interests. "Pareto first proposed the" economic man "concept, he believes that" economic man "always compare their marginal utility to see how to make their greatest gains, is considered their own interests rather than others or the interests of society; "economic man" is rational person, is considered the least cost or the cost of production or to maximize benefits. Corruption is the basis of "economic man" behavior, "economic man" in order to maximize their own interests, it is possible to use the system, law, policy loopholes, favoritism, extortion. "Economic man" is equivalent to ancient China preoccupied, self-serving "villain" of the concept.
1970s, the theory of rent-seeking corruption widespread attention. Anke Krueger (Krueger, 1974) proposed a power in the field of "economic rent" concept. Bhagwati (Bhagwati, 1982) in 1982 proposed the "directly unproductive profit-seeking activities (directly unproductive profit-seeking activities, referred to dup)", which includes not only government intervention under the conditions of rent-seeking activities, but also including seeking government intervention activities. Such activities and fully competitive market economy, profit-seeking activities is not the same, the market economy, profit-seeking activities are conducive to the increase in total social welfare, but the rent-seeking activities is a result of the amount of total social welfare loss. Stiglitz believes that rent-seeking is from the government for special benefits; Buchanan believes that rent-seeking those that can be used to value the production resources are used in the decision on allocation of the results of the competition. In other words, due to government intervention and administrative control, suppress competition, to expand the supply and demand balance, the formation of a difference of income - rent. Can be seen, where there is monopoly, privilege and control, where there is rent. Buchanan because of rent-seeking theory and public choice theory won the Nobel Prize in Economics.
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