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岳陽翻譯公司關鍵字：Faced by farmers at the present stage of production and development pressures significantly increased than in the past, income growth. This has a profound social background, both the external environment, there are many rural areas within the regular factors.
(A) the history, resource endowments and stages of development causes. China as a big developing country, the dual socio-economic structure is obvious. After the founding of New China, urban and rural development policies as well as different unequal treatment of urban and rural residents, increasing the urban-rural "dual economic structure", widening the income gap between urban and rural residents.
1, through the "price scissors" policy means a portion of their wealth in rural areas to urban, rural development must take away the accumulation of capital. By forcing lower prices of agricultural products obtained from agricultural surplus to speed up the industrialization and development, is the former Soviet Union in the 1920s economists DiCaprio Brad Xin Siji's an economic policy. Industrial development through the support of this policy to promote the development of the entire national economy, enhance the overall economic strength and overall national strength, give play to advantages, catch up developed countries, including China, the socialist countries are applicable to the poor, in China take a long-term economic policy. Its essence is a redistribution of national income, the agricultural sector, are part of the national income transferred to the industrial sector, to promote industrial development. Before the reform, for the completion of heavy industry by leaps and bounds in order to achieve industrialization, the state monopoly of domestic trade, through taxation of agricultural products, lower prices of agricultural products, a lot of taxes for the city industrial investment. 1952-1986, the State through the price "scissors" pulled out from a 582 374 000 000 Agriculture huge amounts of money, with 104.438 billion yuan of agricultural tax, 34 years, the state pulled out from the 686.812 billion yuan of agricultural funds. These come from the agricultural sector resources, which greatly promoted China's industrial development. In 1992 after the establishment of market economy, "scissors" was abolished, but the income gap between urban and rural residents has further expanded on this basis.
2, the dual constraints of the rural economic system, economic development, the slow growth of rural incomes is a major cause. After 50 years, China has gradually formed a set of urban-rural split of the dual economic system, the theoretical basis of this system is different from ownership. The main city in the state-owned, collective ownership of rural to mainly urban areas mainly engaged in secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas mainly engaged in primary industry for decades to gradually solidified as "urban-rural divide and conquer, one country, two policies," "two economic units, two levels of development "pattern; dual economic system as a symbol of rural household registration system is to safeguard the interests of the pattern of urban and rural areas a basic system, which allows the treatment of urban and rural residents as there are a series of serious differences, exacerbated by urban and rural income inequality in the distribution. These differences are mainly in: 1, the economic level. In the ownership, distribution, exchange, taxes, income distribution, price subsidies, etc., in heavy tilt to the city, in order to modernize the city as soon as possible, also the city full tilt; 2, the social dimension. Enjoy the city's culture, education, labor protection, employment assistance, transportation, telecommunications, health care, welfare benefits, pension insurance, social security and state-provided public services, the majority of farmers, elusive, land farmers The only security of life and survival; 3, the employment level. Government accounts with the town to give a number of employment opportunities for unemployed persons, to ensure maximum employment of urban residents; the transfer of rural surplus labor and employment issues are more prominent than in the city, but the household registration system to a large extent (especially pre-reform) limit free movement of labor.
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