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鎮江翻譯公司關鍵字：arrangements, the need to provide a common support of the public official to be the popular perception of value system.
North's theory in its most prominent rationalist thinking tool path orientation is his theory of institutional innovation. In the North it seems, the system of invention and innovation, not like Smith and Hayek, as understood from the market during the generation of spontaneous order, but from the rulers or politicians of rational calculation and mental construction (Wesson, 2001). Continued analysis of North Line in Mr. Lin Yifu is in its "economic theory of institutional change: induced change and mandatory change," notes the article clearly states that "institutional change and institutional innovation in the terms in this article is used interchangeably, because the amendment to the existing system is also an innovation, the adoption of the new system must also change with the old system "(Lin, 1989), that is, institutional change is the system of government as the main innovation . Rationalism in the tool seems mandatory government-led institutional change, at least all agree that the consent of the cost savings, thereby enhancing the system changes the net.However, North did not experience the reality of the theoretical framework needed to provide sufficient evidence to rational government, the government will tolerate even some non-efficient institutional arrangements a long time. To this end, in the North, "Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance" (North, 1994), out of a neo-classical framework, proposed the "path dependence" theory, that is not reversible because of the time, the initial institutional arrangements or choose the system changes may be followed by long-term locked in the closed path among the non-equilibrium, and thus deduce the logical incremental changes. We believe that the "path dependence" does not mean that the North abandon its instrumental rationality of belief, on the contrary, he was locked out of innovation that power and coercive power to protect remains from the government.
2, the evolution of Hayek's idea of ??institutional change rationalismThe evolution of the system changes rationalist thought line, can be traced back to the Enlightenment David Hume and Adam Ferguson's philosophical analysis of the social system, and in Adam Smith's classical economics framework to fully elucidate. Smith in his "Theory of Moral Sentiments" (Smith, 1997) and "The Wealth of Nations" (Smith, 1974) showed that human social and economic system is the result of human action, rather than human reason to build or design a product , the existence of a social order in the "invisible hand" will be calculated and the people's self-serving behavior guidance for the promotion of social welfare altruistic result, the rulers do not like playing with the board by virtue of their rational "pawn" as the director of this a trend.
Hayek is inherited the essence of Smith's liberalism, and social system in Menger's "organic" theory of the origin (Menger, 1963), based on creating its "spontaneous social order," the evolution of rationalism analysis of institutional change. Hayek's "spontaneous social order" is an order of self-growth, self-organizing order, multi-center order or endogenous order. In Hayek's view, he proposed "spontaneous social order," the idea is to solve a problem in economics, that people in social interaction, especially in the use of market activities in knowledge and information utilization, which is to "The order to explain the economic activity is how to achieve" (Hayek, 1967). Hayek (1997) pointed out: "In all kinds of relationships, a series of system generation with a clear purpose, is extremely complex and yet coherent orderly's, however, this is neither the result of any design, nor is it the result of the invention , but from many of its actions are not clearly aware of this result will be a person of their actions. " Due to personal reason, not only in its own capacity to understand there is a logical limit, and in the understanding of social life there are great limitations. Thus, social and economic order will only be a wealth of knowledge in the use of the process to be achieved. However, "knowledge is not concentrated in any single individual knowledge of the brain, but only as numerous discrete knowledge of different individuals exist. (Hayek, 1967)" in Hayek's view, this in people's social interaction through a course of action "trial and error process" and the "winner survival" in practice as well as "cumulative development" approach and the gradual formation of the social system is the "spontaneous order." That "any rational individual credentials and successful attempt to build a society gradually evolved than by the rules more effective rules are impossible", the result can only be "fatal conceit" (Hayek, 2002 .) He believes that "this apparent specific order, not the wisdom of pre-designed product, and therefore, there is no need to be attributed to a more advanced, supernatural intelligent design ... ... the emergence of this order, in fact, There is a third possibility that it results but adaptive evolution "(Hayek, 1997).
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